Percepciones y deseos sobre el parto en gestantes a término en Zamora

ObjectiveTo describe perceptions and wishes regarding childbirth in a group of full-term pregnant women in Zamora.MethodQualitative study of phenomenological character. Participants and scope of study: pregnant women (37-38 weeks), Zamora Sur and Santa Elena health centres (Zamora, Spain). Data collection: semi-structured interviews, until data saturation (16 interviews). Data analysis: analysis of thematic content.ResultsThe maternal feelings varied from joy to fear or stress. The interviewees said they did not feel capable of enduring the pain of childbirth. The needs that they felt most important were having support and accompaniment during delivery (especially of their partner) and receiving good treatment from the healthcare workers.ConclusionsThe importance and repercussion of childbirth for women are not only biological, but also largely mental, emotional and social. It is conditioned by multiple factors: maternal feelings, their ability to deal with the pain of childbirth, their needs, the changes they have made, the support they have and the health professionals who care for them.     

Role of Superb Microvascular Imaging in Differentiating Between Malignant and Benign Solid Breast Masses

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in breast lesions.Materials and MethodsEighty-five solid breast lesions were studied with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), power Doppler imaging (PDI), monochromatic SMI (mSMI), and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). The penetrating vessels (PVs) and microvascular morphologic and distribution features of the breast tumors were evaluated for each modality.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracies of CDFI, PDI, mSMI, and CEUS were calculated and compared. Surgical pathologic analysis showed 47 benign and 38 malignant lesions. Compared with CDFI and PDI, mSMI and CEUS detected more PVs in breast lesions. The microvascular architecture showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions. Benign lesions mainly displayed avascular, line-like, and branch-like patterns, and malignant lesions tended to display root hair-like and crab claw-like patterns. mSMI and CEUS identified more root hair-like and crab claw-like patterns in malignant lesions than CDFI and PDI. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of mSMI findings in diagnosing malignancy based on PVs and vascular patterns were both higher than those of CDFI and PDI.ConclusionsmSMI is equal to CEUS and superior to CDFI and PDI in identifying microvascular and discriminating malignant and benign breast masses.     

手术室护理干预对腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤切除术患者术后康复的影响

目的探讨手术室护理干预对腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤切除术患者术后康复的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2018年8月间陕西安康市中心医院收治的80例行腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤切除患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理基础上采用手术室护理干预,比较两组患者术后恢复、负面情绪、生活质量及并发症等情况。结果观察组患者手术出血量、手术时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、肠蠕动恢复时间和下床时间均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患者焦虑和抑郁评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患者躯体功能、社会支持、疼痛、精神健康、社会功能、情绪、心理状态和总体健康评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者不良反应率为5.0%,低于对照组的20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者护理满意度为92.5%,高于对照组的77.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论手术室护理干预可减少腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤切除患者手术出血量、手术时间,缩短恢复时间,改善负面情绪,减少不良反应,提高生活质量和护理满意度。     

子宫内膜癌三维超声血管血流参数与病理学预后指标的相关性

目的探讨子宫内膜癌三维超声血管血流参数与病理学预后指标的相关性。方法选择子宫内膜良性病变患者120例(良性组)与子宫内膜癌患者120例(癌变组),所有患者给予三维超声,记录血管血流参数;采用免疫组化法检测两组病灶病理学预后指标(IGF-1、IGF-2)表达情况并进行相关性分析。结果癌变组的超声病灶形态、内膜回声、增强强度、增强均度与良性组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌变组的IGF-1、IGF-2表达阳性率分别为90.8%、74.2%,显著高于良性组的28.3%、36.7%。癌变组中三维超声血流分级与良性组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在癌变组中,直线相关分析显示三维超声血流分级与IGF-1、IGF-2表达阳性率呈显著正相关性(P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜癌患者多表现为IGF-1、IGF-2的高表达,三维超声血管血流分级程度比较高,两者存在相关性,可共同影响子宫内膜癌的发生。     

机械通气患者呼气流速受限危险因素分析及其对患者预后的影响

目的 评估重症医学科机械通气患者中呼气流速受限的发病率，并确定与呼气流速受限相关的主要临床特征、危险因素和对患者预后的影响。方法 选取需要机械通气的患者202例，通过呼气末正压通气(PEEP)试验分为呼气流速受限组和非呼气流速受限组，在患者行机械通气12小时内测定呼吸力学指标，每日测定呼吸力学指标，连测3日。所有患者均行简化急性生理状态评分系统(SAPS)评分和器官衰竭评分(SOFA)；改良的英国医学委员会呼吸困难评分量表（mMRC）评定呼吸困难严重程度。结果 22.77%的患者存在为呼气流速受限，其中脓毒性休克39例、ARDS 25例、失血性休克27例、慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性恶化32例、急性呼吸衰竭45例、心力衰竭12例和脑血管病合并肺炎22例。呼气流速受限患者的体重指数(BMI)较高，呼气流速受限与心脏病史、慢性肺病史有关(均P<0.05)。呼吸力学数据方面，呼气流速受限患者呼吸困难评分较差，最大气道阻力高，弹性阻力增加，具有较高的呼气末正压和内源性呼气末正压，峰值压较高，氧合指数较低(均P<0.05)。呼气流速受限组患者SOFA评分、SAPSⅡ评分均较高，机械通气时间更长，具有更高的病死率(均P<0.05)。结论 BMI高、肺病或心脏病史是重症医学科机械通气患者呼气流速受限的高危因素。呼气流速受限患者的呼吸力学参数更差。呼气流速受限患者机械通气时间较长，住院时间较长，病死率较高，预后差。     

The burden of herpes zoster disease in Norway

BackgroundNo national vaccination program against herpes zoster (HZ) is currently in place in Norway. We aimed to quantify the burden of medically attended HZ to assess the need for a vaccination program.MethodsWe linked data from several health registries to identify medically attended HZ cases during 2008–2014 and HZ-associated deaths during1996–2012 in the entire population of Norway. We calculated HZ incidences for primary and hospital care by age, sex, type of health encounter, vaccination status, and co-morbidities among hospital patients. We also estimated HZ-associated mortality and case-fatality.ResultsThe study included 82,064 HZ patients, of whom none were reported as vaccinated against HZ. The crude annual incidence of HZ was 227.1 cases per 100,000 in primary healthcare and 24.8 cases per 100,000 in hospitals. Incidence rates were higher in adults aged ≥50 years (461 per 100,000 in primary care and 57 per 100,000 in hospitals), and women than in men both in primary healthcare (267 vs 188 per 100,000), and hospitals (28 vs 22 per 100,000). Among hospital patients, 47% had complicated zoster and 25% had comorbidities, according to the Charlson comorbidity index. The duration of hospital stay (median 4 days) increased with the severity of comorbidities. The estimated mortality rate was 0.18 per 100,000; and in-hospital case-fatality rate was 1.04%.ConclusionsMedically attended HZ poses a substantial burden in the Norwegian healthcare sector. The majority of the zoster cases occurred among adults aged ≥50 years – the group eligible for zoster vaccination – and increased use of zoster vaccination may be warranted, especially among persons with co-morbidities.     

Myocardial blood flow analysis of stress dynamic myocardial CT perfusion for hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease diagnosis: The clinical value of relative parameter optimization

BackgroundThe methods for calculating the optimal myocardial blood flow (MBF) relative parameters in stress dynamic myocardial CT perfusion (CTP) in the detection of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) are non-uniform and lack standards.MethodsA total of 86 patients who were prospectively recruited underwent APT stress dynamic myocardial CTP. The relative MBF perfusion parameters were calculated as av_Ratio, Q3av_Ratio and hi_Ratio according to the three types of reference MBF values, respectively: (1) average segmental MBF value, (2) the third quartile of the average segmental MBF value, and (3) highest segmental MBF value. All the data were derived from both the endocardial and transmural layers of the myocardium. Invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve (ICA/FFR) were used as the reference standards for myocardial ischemia evaluation.ResultsA total of 151 vessels of 60 patients (43 men and 17 women; 61.38 ± 8.01 years) were enrolled in the analysis. The performance of the endocardial layer was superior to that of the transmural layer (all P < 0.05). The hi_Ratio of the endocardial myocardium (AUC = 0.906, 95% CI: 0.857–0.954), for which the highest segmental value was selected as the reference MBF, was superior to both av_Ratio and Q3av_Ratio for ischemia detection (AUC, 0.906 vs.0.879, P < 0.05; 0.906 vs.0.891, P = 0.18), and the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were 74.1%, 93.6%, 87.8%, 85.3% and 86.1%, respectively. The cutoff value of hi_Ratio was 0.675.ConclusionsThe relative MBF parameter of the endocardial myocardium using the highest segmental MBF value as a reference provided optimal diagnostic accuracy for the detection of hemodynamically significant CAD.     

Experiences of radiographers working alone in remote locations: A Far North Queensland non-participant observational study

IntroductionRadiographers employed in remote locations such as Far North Queensland (FNQ) can face unique sets of challenges as they often perform radiographic and sonographic diagnostic imaging without onsite radiologists' services. Additionally, the majority of patients presenting to these sites are Indigenous for whom English may be their third language. This non-participant observational study observed two FNQ radiographers' interactions with patients and interprofessional staff, and the radiographers' ability to fit into the Indigenous community during routine radiographic and sonographic examinations which to date have received little attention.MethodsNon-participant observations and semi-structured interviews with radiographers were held at two FNQ hospitals. Consecutive radiographer–patient interactions were observed and recorded on checklists. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis.ResultsAcross both remote sites, 24 patients were observed as they underwent diagnostic imaging examinations, with the majority being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders (n = 17/24 (70.8%). In total, eleven general radiography and sixteen ultrasound examinations were observed. Semi-structured interviews highlighted complex issues such as the need for radiographer communication in local dialect, ongoing interprofessional collaborations, overcoming the lack of radiologists' onsite support by providing radiographic reports directly to referring doctors and midwives, and isolation with regard to professional development opportunities.ConclusionsRadiographers working in remote hospitals need to be culturally competent, navigate local indigenous languages and possess excellent interprofessional skills as well as thorough knowledge of imaging pathology to convey findings to referring doctors and allied health professionals. These findings have implications for the entry to practice curriculum.Implications for practiceThis study provides evidence that culturally competent radiographers are capable of undertaking reporting roles to facilitate patient management in the absence of timely radiologists' reports at remote sites.